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It should be pointed out at this point that crowdfunding companies are not the entities acting as creditors, but only as intermediaries between applicants (borrowers) and investors (creditors). Likewise, crowdfunding companies may not carry out fundraising activities (v. gr., bank deposits) and, consequently, any investments made through them are not protected by the Instituto de Protección al Ahorro Bancario [Institute for the Protection of Bank Savings] (IPAB) or similar entities. E-money Companies In Mexico, according to the Encuesta Nacional de Inclusión Financiera [National Survey of Financial Inclusion], almost 61% of adults do not have a bank account. The financial exclusion is twice as bad because it leads to a digital exclusion when that population does not count an electronic means of payment that allows them to profit from the e-commerce advantage. The FinTech Law introduces the E-Money Institutions concept, which is similar to ‘e-money issuers’ in other jurisdictions. Through these companies users may open an account with such institutions, make wire transfers or e-payments, whether to individuals or business entities, without using the traditional system. It should be pointed out —once again— that the FinTech Law provides that such funds are not bank deposits and, consequently, are not protected by the IPAB nor bear any interest. E-money Institutions may not lend any funds, but may grant credits and loans for overdrawing, subject to the conditions provided in the FinTech Law and its secondary regulation. Cryptocurrencies History is in a hurry. What was humankind thinking about a decade ago? It was 2008 when we began talking about the concept of a coin not created by the central banks, with its control laid on cryptography and transactions were validated through mul- tiple computers. This concept, from thinker Jean Bodin has been left behind, very behind, which in the 16th Century gave rise to the theory that the State could mint coins. In the A TWO-WAY PATH 30

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